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Physiological monitoring of movement and manoeuvrability during a military skiing exercise
  1. Tirthankar Chatterjee and
  2. D Bhattacharyya
  1. Human Factors Engineering and Military Ergonomics, DRDO Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
  1. Correspondence to Dr Tirthankar Chatterjee; tchottu{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction Military forces receive training in various high-altitude warfare techniques to safeguard border regions and lives. Skiing is one of such practices where research evidences are limited. Therefore, a study was conducted to continuously monitor the physiological status of soldiers during military skiing practice to quantify the actual demands.

Methods 11 Indian soldiers skied a distance of 8 km while carrying 18 kg of military equipment. Physiological status and heart rate variability (HRV) were continuously recorded throughout the exercise. The participants completed the event in about 3 hours. The icy track consisted of about 50% upward slopes, 40% downward slopes and only 10% of flat surface. The full data set was divided into four phases (45 min each), to understand the degree of changes in physiological, and autonomic responses with progress in time and intensity. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the degree of significance between the phases.

Results Physiological factors including HR rose consistently from the first to the fourth phase, increasing from 116 to 150 beats/min. The peak acceleration was maintained within 0.4–0.6 g and ground speed varied from 0 to 14.8 km/hour, respectively. The time domain parameters decreased steadily from pre-exercise to the first half of the event, then slightly increased at the beginning of the second half before decreasing again during the final part. The low frequency increased during the first half and remained low until the end of the second half, while the high frequency exhibited an exactly opposite pattern.

Conclusion The HRV data indicated parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic activation in first half, primarily due to the uphill climb. The third phase featured with the flatter surface, which increased the speed and led to partial parasympathetic activation. The final incline caused a rise in physiological responses and sympathetic dominance. Persistent cold, exposure to hypoxia and job requirements ensured that the physiological variables remained at a ‘moderately’ high level.

  • ALTITUDE MEDICINE
  • Physiology
  • Workload

Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request. Data available with the authors will be supplied based on requirement.

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Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request. Data available with the authors will be supplied based on requirement.

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Footnotes

  • Contributors TC was the lead investigator of the study, he contributed to study design, field data collection, data processing, analysis and manuscript preparation. DB contributed to study design, statistics, drafting and finalisation of the manuscript. The first author and corresponding author TC is the guarantor on behalf of the two authors.

  • Funding The work was funded by Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India; through XIIth 5-year plan project S&T/DIP-266.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.