Study number | Author (year) | Population | N | Prevalence (%) | Failure rate (%) | Comments | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(See Figure 3) | PLP | RLP | PLP | RLP | ||||
1 | Parkes (1973)5 | Not specified | 46 | 61 | – | 30 | – | Severity measured as mild, moderate and severe. Score taken at 13 months after amputation |
2 | Hoaglund et al (1983)6 | Veterans | 197 | 68 | – | – | 54 | Severity measured as mild, moderate and severe. Time period unclear. Unable to calculate RLP prevalence or PLP failure rate |
3 | Sherman et al (1984)7 | Veterans | 2694 | 78 | – | 69 | – | 0–10 numerical rating scale used, but split into worse, average and least pain. ‘Average’ result used here. Time span for questionnaire unclear as both ‘ever and ‘now’ are used |
4 | Ehde et al (2000)8 | Veterans and civilian lower limb amputees at least 6 months from amputation | 255 | 72 | 74 | 48 | 60 | Intensity over previous 3 months measured on 11 point numerical rating scale. Mean pain scores given. Failure rate from a ‘bothersome’ score greater than mild |
5 | Gallagher et al (2001)9 | Not specified | 104 | – | – | 67 (i) | 87 (i) | Severity over previous 1 week measured as mild, discomforting, distressing, horrible and excruciating. Failure greater than mild (i) and discomforting (ii) |
22 (ii) | 39 (ii) | |||||||
6 | Whyte and Niven (2001)10 | Not specified | 89 | 100 | – | 70 | – | Intensity measured on 0–10 numerical rating scale and over 7 days. Here failure is >3/10 with the score averaged over the week |
7 | Ephraim et al (2005)11 | Not specified | 914 | 80 | 68 | 53 | 40 | Intensity over previous 4 weeks measured as mild, moderate and severe |
8 | Desmond and MacLachlan (2010)12 | Veterans with upper limb amputations; mean time since amputation 50.1 years | PLP=60 RLP=61 | 64 | 55 | 88 (i) | 89 (i) | Intensity over previous 1 week measured on a 5-point scale: mild, discomforting, distressing, horrible and excruciating. Failure rates taken as greater than mild (i) or greater than discomforting (ii) |
37 (ii) | 44 (ii) | |||||||
9 | Our study | Serving personnel | 65 | 49 | 65 | 20 | 31 | Previous 4 weeks |
65 | 76 | 80 | 56 | 63 | At any point since injury |
The study number refers to its position in the bubble plot of Figure 3.