Predisposing factors—adherence to: | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nationality of troops | Year | Endemic country | Numbers affected | Strain | Anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis | Insect repellent | Insecticide-treated clothing | Bed nets |
Brazilian army7 | 1995 | Angola | 78/439 | PF/PV | 52% (n=66) | Variable | – | Irregular |
UK army10 | 2000 | Sierra Leone | 93 | PF | 66% | 13.3% | 18.3% | 45% |
US Rangers9 | 2002 | Afghanistan | 38/725* | PV | 52% (41% terminal chemoprophylaxis) | 29% | 82% | – |
US marines14 | 2003 | Liberia | 44/225 (5 complicated) | PF | 55% | 45% | 12% | 0% |
United Nations15 | 2005 | Democratic Republic Congo | 99 (9 complicated) | 98% PF | – | – | – | – |
French16 | 2006 | Ivory coast | 39/575 (3 complicated) | PF (83%) PO2 PM2 PV1 | 45% | 60% | 95% | 85% |
French17 | 2008 | French Guyana | 265 | 221 PV 44 PF | 45% | – | – | – |
*Diagnosis was a median of 233 days after return from the malaria-endemic region.
PF, Plasmodium falciparum; PM, Plasmodium malariae; PO, Plasmodium ovale; PV, Plasmodium vivax.