Study | Subjects | Response rate (%) | Usage (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Situation | Gender | N | |||
Arsenault and Kennedy24 | Army Special Forces | Men | 2215 | 99 | 18 |
McGraw et al25 | Army Rangers | Men | 367 | NK | 19 |
Sheppard et al26 | General Army | Men and women | 133 | 40 | 29 |
Deuster et al27 | Army Rangers | Men | 38 | 100 | 13 |
Thomasos28 | Air Force enlisted and officers | Men and women | 10 985 | NK | Rated 1st* |
French29 | National Guard-Reserve | Men and women | 376 | 60 | 6 |
Jaghab30 | Army physicians | Men and women | 573 | 15 | 33 |
Ancillary | 674 | 15 | 27 | ||
Johnson et al31 | Army Rangers | Men | 294 | 40 | 46 |
Lieberman et al32 | General Army | Men and women | 484 | 80 | 5 |
Army Rangers | Men | 768 | NK | 19 | |
Special Forces | Men | 152 | NK | 16 | |
Young and Stephens33 | Marines | Men | 323 | 65 | 26 |
Lieberman et al34 | Active-duty Army personnel | Men and women | 990 | 80 | 42 |
Boos et al35 | Deployed military personnel | Men and women | 1017 | 66 | 13 |
Boos et al36 | Deployed servicemen | Men and women | 87 | 58 | 34 |
Casey et al37 | Active-duty Army personnel | Men and women | 3168 | NK | 38 |
*Supplements ranked according to most often used; Usage, number of creatine users among supplement users.
NK, not known.