Table 1

Cox proportional hazards model of the association between veteran status and risk of COPD

	Univariate		Multivariate*
	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Overall	1.09 (1.04 to 1.15)	0.001	1.05 (1.00 to 1.11)	0.074
Sex
Men	1.10 (1.04 to 1.16)	0.001	1.05 (0.99 to 1.10)	0.083
Women	1.171.00 to 1.36	0.050	1.14 (0.97 to 1.33)	0.103
Birth year
1945–1949	1.28 (1.17 to 1.40)	<0.001	1.22 (1.12 to 1.33)	<0.001
1950–1954	1.22 (1.11 to 1.34)	<0.001	1.15 (1.05 to 1.27)	0.004
1955–1959	0.92 (0.82 to 1.04)	0.178	0.89 (0.79 to 0.993)	0.039
1960–1964	0.83 (0.71 to 0.97)	0.023	0.83 (0.71 to 0.97)	0.019
1965 onwards	0.67 (0.51 to 0.87)	0.003	0.73 (0.57 to 0.93)	0.011
Length of service†
ESL (did not complete training)	1.42 (1.26 to 1.60)	<0.001	1.32 (1.18 to 1.50)	<0.001
Trained ESL	1.54 (1.41 to 1.68)	<0.001	1.39 (1.28 to 1.52)	<0.001
4–6 years	1.14 (1.02 to 1.26)	0.016	1.05 (0.94 to 1.17)	0.368
7–9 years	1.02 (0.89 to 1.17)	0.737	0.96 (0.84 to 1.10)	0.570
10–12 years	0.89 (0.77 to 1.04)	0.156	0.86 (0.73 to 1.00)	0.052
>12 years	0.69 (0.62 to 0.77)	<0.001	0.73 (0.65 to 0.82)	<0.001
ESL by birth year
<1955	1.74 (1.59 to 1.91)	<0.001	1.57 (1.43 to 1.73)	<0.001
1955–1959	1.37 (1.17 to 1.60)	<0.001	1.25 (1.07 to 1.47)	0.005
≥1960	1.06 (0.86 to 1.30)	0.585	1.00 (0.81 to 1.23)	0.983