Naloxone location | Opioids prior to naloxone | Type | Mechanism of injury | Injuries |
R1 | 10 mg morphine intravenous | Coalition military | Explosive, mine | Scalp laceration and laceration to left forearm |
R1 | 10 mg morphine intravenous | Local civilian | Explosive, IED | Traumatic amputation right foot Bilateral femoral fractures Pelvic fracture Traumatic amputation right hand |
R1 | 20 mg morphine intramuscular 14 mg morphine intravenous | UK military | Explosive, IED | Traumatic amputation left below knee Penile laceration Calcaneal fracture right |
R1 | 100 mcg fentanyl intravenous | Local civilian | MVC | Temporal fracture + extradural haematoma Pelvic fracture Blast lung |
R1 | – | Coalition military | GSW | Femoral artery and vein laceration |
R1 | – | Coalition military | MVC | Right tibial plateau fracture Neck laceration |
R3 | 5 mg morphine intravenous | Local civilian | Explosive, mortar | Lung contusion and open wounds to left chest wall |
R3 | – | Coalition military | MVC | Left humeral fracture Pelvic fracture Bilateral tibial fractures with vascular injury |
R3 | 10 mg morphine intravenous | UK military | Crush | Crush injuries left forearm + compartment syndrome |
R3 | 10 mg morphine intravenous 25 mcg fentanyl intravenous | Local civilian | Explosive, IED | Left open tib-fib fracture Right closed tib-fib fracture Calcaneal fracture |
R3 | – | Local civilian | MVC | Left humerus fracture Fractures T12-L4 |
R3 | Unclear | Local civilian | MVC | Distal radius fracture Left haemothorax Pelvic fracture Splenic laceration |
R3 | 72 mg morphine intravenous | UK military | Burn | Burns right hand partial and full thickness |
R3 | Unclear | Coalition military | Explosive, IED | Penetrating neck wound |
GSW, gunshot wound; IED, improvised explosive device; MVC, motor vehicle collision; R1, Role 1; R3, Role 3; tib-fib, tibia and fibula.