Reported mental health and well-being outcomes at baseline and follow-up
| Baseline | Follow-up | t | df | P value* | |
| PTSD | |||||
| PCL-5 score, m (SD) | 38.7 (19.5) | 38.0 (19.1) | 0.53 | 105 | 0.594 |
| PTSD case, n (%) | 63 (55.8) | 65 (58.0) | −0.45 | 105 | 0.657 |
| PTSD worse to COVID-19, (%) | 76 (67.3) | 59 (52.7) | 2.05 | 105 | 0.043 |
| CMDs | |||||
| GHQ-12 score, m (SD) | 7.05 (3.73) | 6.61 (4.54) | 1.18 | 118 | 0.240 |
| GHQ-12 case, n (%) | 94 (78.9) | 80 (66.1) | 2.92 | 118 | 0.004 |
| GHQ-12 worse to COVID-19, n (%) | 84 (70.6) | 70 (57.9) | 1.94 | 118 | 0.054 |
| Anger difficulties | |||||
| DAR-5 score, m (SD) | 13.3 (5.55) | 13.5 (5.20) | −0.29 | 103 | 0.771 |
| Anger case, n (%) | 62 (54.9) | 68 (61.8) | −1.52 | 103 | 0.131 |
| Anger worse to COVID-19, n (%) | 59 (52.2) | 55 (55.0) | 0.31 | 103 | 0.759 |
| Alcohol misuse | |||||
| AUDIT score, m (SD) | 8.87 (7.62) | 8.54 (7.56) | 0.74 | 67 | 0.459 |
| Hazardous drinking (8+) case, n (%) | 36 (47.4) | 45 (41.3) | −0.70 | 67 | 0.484 |
| Alcohol use worse to COVID-19, n (%) | 32 (28.6) | 21 (19.3) | 1.52 | 102 | 0.131 |
Frequencies may not add up n=121 due to missing values.
*Differences were investigated using paired sample t-tests.
AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CMDs, common mental disorders; DAR-5, Five-item Dimensions of Anger Reactions–Revised; GHQ-12, 12-item General Health Questionnaire; PCL-5, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.