The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is a data repository summarizing information from data sets describing injuries sustained and treatments administered to casualties from the point of injury to rehabilitation. Among the medical facilities contributing data to the Combat Trauma Registry during Operation Iraqi Freedom were the Marine Corps forward surgical companies. The surgical companies offer resuscitative surgery, medical treatment, and temporary holding facilities, in addition to preparing patients for evacuation. This article reviews the types of patients admitted and treatments provided at the surgical companies during the major combat period of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The surgical companies saw an average of 15 to 17 patients per day during this period. Less than 20% of the U.S. casualties seen were wounded in action. In contrast, >75% of the enemy prisoner of war presentations were for battle injuries. Less than 15% of the patients were held at the facilities for >24 hours.